Felt is an ancient material actively used in various fields. It is commonly made into insoles, footwear, and blankets and often enters our everyday lives. Let’s explore this material and what else can be made from it, focusing on its properties and strengths.
What is Felt?
Felt is a material made from natural fibers, usually wool, through the process of felting. Its origins date back to nomadic tribes, who used it for clothing, footwear, and home decorations. Fabric emerged along with sheep domestication, and guard dogs were typically used for protection.
Initially, woolen items were made in natural fiber colors. Over time, they were dyed with plant-based colors, and the first techniques for patterned fabrics appeared on carpets in Central Asia.
Composition of Felt
Traditionally, felt is made from wool (such as sheep, camel, goat, or rabbit). Other materials, like linen or jute threads, may sometimes be used. Today, synthetic fibers (like polyester) are often added to improve durability and wear resistance. Fillers include polypropylene, acrylic, polyester, and polyamide fibers, while felting materials are made from certain chemicals.
The quality and application of felt (translated from the Latvian word «voiloks») depend on its composition. Natural fabric differs from synthetic varieties of both properties and cost.
Properties of Felt
- Thermal insulation. A top insulator that protects against cold and retains warmth.
- Sound insulation. Absorbs and disperses sounds, reducing noise. It is also resistant to mechanical stress and vibrations.
- Hygroscopicity. Absorbs moisture while feeling dry to the touch, preventing water or sweat accumulation and mold growth.
- Durability. Long-lasting and wear-resistant.
- Eco-friendliness. Natural felt is free of carcinogens, making it safe for the environment and human health.
- Breathability. Allows skin to breathe, preventing overheating.
- Hypoallergenic. Non-irritating, suitable for sensitive skin, and resistant to pathogenic organisms.
- Elasticity. Soft, flexible, retains its shape, and is easy to cut and trim.
Uses of Felt in Everyday Life and Industry:
- Footwear and clothing. Insulated shoes, hats, fabric boots, vests, insoles, linings, soles.
- Interior design. Decorative panels, blankets, rugs, pillows.
- Insulation. Sound and thermal insulation pads for doors, ceilings, walls, and wooden beam insulation.
- Industry and engineering. Cushioning pads, filters, seals.
- Art and handicrafts. Souvenirs, jewelry, toys, accessories.
- Furniture manufacturing. Protective elements, padding for furniture legs, mattresses, and blankets.
- Automotive industry. Seals, noise insulation components, gaskets, gear pads.
- Healthcare. Foot support pads, orthopedic insoles.
Conclusion
Felt and felted fabrics are widely used in industrial fields. These durable materials offer excellent thermal and sound insulation. While natural fabric is more expensive, it poses no health risks, even for allergy sufferers. Material can absorb environmental toxins and process formaldehyde. Additionally, it is fire-resistant, as it smolders rather than burns due to limited oxygen access. This material remains a guarantee of health and a comfortable indoor climate.
